Lupus (SLE): what it is

Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE) is a long-term autoimmune condition. The immune system, which normally fights infection, becomes overactive and can inflame the skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, lungs, heart and brain.

It is more common in women and usually starts between the late teens and the forties. Symptoms often come and go: periods of illness are called flares, and quieter periods are called remission.

Lupus (SLE): common signs

Deep tiredness that does not improve with rest
Pain, stiffness or swelling in the joints
A skin rash, often worse in sunlight, including a rash across the cheeks and nose
Mouth ulcers
Hair thinning or hair loss
Fever with no clear cause
Fingers that turn white or blue in the cold
Swelling of the feet or legs, or foamy urine, which can point to kidney involvement

Lupus (SLE): how a rheumatologist helps

Diagnosis rests on your history, an examination, and blood and urine tests such as an ANA test and related antibody tests. A positive ANA on its own does not mean lupus.

Treatment aims to calm the immune system, prevent flares and protect organs, especially the kidneys. The plan is matched to how active the disease is and which organs are involved.

Regular follow-up matters. Blood pressure, blood tests and urine tests are checked over time and medicines are adjusted carefully.

Everyday steps help too: sun protection, not smoking, keeping vaccinations up to date, and planning any pregnancy with your doctor.

Seek urgent medical care if you notice:

Chest pain or breathlessness
A seizure, confusion or a sudden severe headache
Passing very little urine, or marked swelling of the face or legs
A high fever with feeling very unwell

In an emergency call 1122 or go to the nearest emergency department.

Related conditions

Plan your visit

See what to bring to your first visit, then choose a clinic consultation in Rawalpindi or a video consultation.

This page is general information for awareness. It is not a diagnosis or treatment advice.